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GCH1 contributes to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans by regulating blood nitric oxide

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.04.005
Funds:

32170632 and 32000390 to Y.H.

32400503 to Y.G.), Major Scientific Project of Yunnan Province (202305AH340007 to B.S.), Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Science & Technology Champion Project (202005AB160004 to B.S.), Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Innovation Team (202405AS350008), Yunnan Scientist Workshops (to B.S.), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (to Y.H.), the Science and Technology General Program of Yunnan Province (202301AW070010 and 202001AT070110 to Y.H.), and the Provincial Key Research, Development, and Translational Program (XZ202101ZY0009G to Baima.).

We are grateful to all participants in this study. We would like to express our gratitude to GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, China, for their completion of the gene-edited mouse model production. This study was funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32288101 and 91631306 to B.S

  • Received Date: 2024-10-11
  • Accepted Date: 2025-04-09
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-04-07
  • Available Online: 2025-07-11
  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow. Tibetans have developed a “blunted” mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude, with GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) identified as a key candidate gene. Here, we present comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of GCH1, which exhibits strong Darwinian positive selection in Tibetans. We show that Tibetan-enriched GCH1 variants down-regulate its expression in the blood of Tibetans. Based on this observation, we generate the heterozygous Gch1 knockout (Gch1+/) mouse model to simulate its downregulation in Tibetans. We find that under prolonged hypoxia, the Gch1+/ mice have relatively higher blood NO and blood oxygen saturation levels compared with the wild-type (WT) controls, providing better oxygen supplies to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Markedly, hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodeling are significantly attenuated in the Gch1+/ mice compared with the WT controls, likely due to the adaptive changes in molecular regulations related to metabolism, inflammation, circadian rhythm, extracellular matrix, and oxidative stress. This study sheds light on the role of GCH1 in regulating blood NO, contributing to the physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in Tibetans at high altitude.

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      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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