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Volume 52 Issue 3
Mar.  2025
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2025  >  52(3): 319-333

Decoding maize meristems maintenance and differentiation: integrating single-cell and spatial omics

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.01.012
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    a. The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China;

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    b. Housing and Urban Rural Development Bureau of Jimo District, Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China;

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    c. Agricultural Big-Data Research Center and College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China

Funds:

This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023JQ012), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101741), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1201802), the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Provincial Government to F.X., and National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201694 and U22A20460) to X.H.

  • Received Date: 2024-12-28
  • Accepted Date: 2025-01-22
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-01-22
    • Available Online: 2025-07-11
  • Publish Date: 2025-02-05
    Abstract
  • All plant organs are derived from stem cell-containing meristems. In maize, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is responsible for generating all above-ground structures, including the male and female inflorescence meristems (IMs), which give rise to tassel and ear, respectively. Forward and reverse genetic studies on maize meristem mutants have driven forward our fundamental understanding of meristem maintenance and differentiation mechanisms. However, the high genetic redundancy of the maize genome has impeded progress in functional genomics. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in understanding maize meristem development, with a focus on the integration of single-cell and spatial technologies. We discuss the mechanisms governing stem cell maintenance and differentiation in SAM and IM, emphasizing the roles of gene regulatory networks, hormonal pathways, and cellular omics insights into stress responses and adaptation. Future directions include cross-species comparisons, multi-omics integration, and the application of these technologies to precision breeding and stress adaptation research, with the ultimate goal of translating our understanding of meristem into the development of higher yield varieties.
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