9.9
CiteScore
7.1
Impact Factor
Volume 52 Issue 5
May  2025
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2025  >  52(5): 666-679

Znf706 regulates germ plasm assembly and primordial germ cell development in zebrafish

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.11.007
  •  

    a. Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;

  •  

    b. State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;

  •  

    c. School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;

  •  

    d. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;

  •  

    e. Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China

Funds:

The project is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31988101 to A.M.), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFA1800300 to X.W. and 2018YFC1003304 to A.M.), and the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School (202302AO370011 to A.M.).

  • Received Date: 2024-07-21
  • Accepted Date: 2024-11-14
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-11-14
    • Available Online: 2025-07-11
  • Publish Date: 2024-11-20
    Abstract
  • The cell fate of primordial germ cell (PGC) in zebrafish is pre-determined by maternally deposited germ plasm, which is packaged into ribonucleoprotein complex in oocytes and inherited into PGC-fated cells in embryos. However, the maternal factors regulating the assembly of germ plasm and PGC development remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that the maternal transcription factor Znf706 regulates the assembly of germ plasm factors into a granule-like structure localized perinuclearly in PGC during migration. Maternal and zygotic mutants of znf706 exhibit deficient germ plasm scattering at the early embryonic stage, decreased PGC numbers with some mislocation during PGC migration, and a lower female ratio in adulthood. Notably, the implementation of Znf706 CUT&Tag and RNA-seq on immature oocytes uncovers that Znf706 in stage I oocytes may promote transcription of several mitochondrial genes in addition to other functions. Hence, we propose that Znf706 is implicated in germ plasm assembly and PGC development in zebrafish.
    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(86)
  • Aguero, T., Kassmer, S., Alberio, R., Johnson, A., King, M.L., 2017. Mechanisms of vertebrate germ cell determination. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 953, 383-440.
    Allen, B.M., 1904. The embryonic development of the ovary and testis of the mammals. Am. J. Anat. 3, 89-153.
    Bedell, V.M., Wang, Y., Campbell, J.M., Poshusta, T.L., Starker, C.G., Krug Ii, R.G., Tan, W., Penheiter, S.G., Ma, A.C., Leung, A.Y.H., et al., 2012. In vivo genome editing using a high-efficiency TALEN system. Nature 491, 114-118.
    Bennett, H.P.J., Chitramuthu, B.P., 2013. High resolution whole mount in situ hybridization within zebrafish embryos to study gene expression and function. J. Vis. Exp. 80, e50644.
    Blaser, H., Eisenbeiss, S., Neumann, M., Reichman-Fried, M., Thisse, B., Thisse, C., Raz, E., 2005. Transition from non-motile behaviour to directed migration during early PGC development in zebrafish. J. Cell Sci. 118, 4027-4038.
    Braat, A.K., Zandbergen, T., Van De Water, S., Goos, H.J.T., Zivkovic, D., 1999. Characterization of zebrafish primordial germ cells: morphology and early distribution of vasa RNA. Dev. Dynam. 216, 153-167.
    Cao, Z., Mao, X., Luo, L., 2019. Germline stem cells drive ovary regeneration in zebrafish. Cell Rep. 26, 1709-1717.
    Cartron, P.F., Petit, E., Bellot, G., Oliver, L., Vallette, F.M., 2014. Metaxins 1 and 2, two proteins of the mitochondrial protein sorting and assembly machinery, are essential for Bak activation during TNF alpha triggered apoptosis. Cell. Signal. 26, 1928-1934.
    Chang, N., Sun, C., Gao, L., Zhu, D., Xu, X., Zhu, X., Xiong, J.-W., Xi, J.J., 2013. Genome editing with RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease in zebrafish embryos. Cell Res. 23, 465-472.
    Chen, T., Chen, X., Zhang, S., Zhu, J., Tang, B., Wang, A., Dong, L., Zhang, Z., Yu, C., Sun, Y., et al., 2021. The genome sequence archive family: toward explosive data growth and diverse data types. Dev. Reprod. Biol. 19, 578-583.
    Chu, J., Jiang, J., Fan, X., Liu, J., Gao, K., Jiang, Y., Li, M., Xi, W., Zhang, L., Bian, K., et al., 2024. A novel MYC-ZNF706-SLC7A11 regulatory circuit contributes to cancer progression and redox balance in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Differ. 31, 1333-1348.
    Colombo, J., Provazzi, P.J.S., Calmon, M.F., Pires, L.C., Rodrigues, N.C., Petl, P., Fossey, M.A., de Souza, F.P., Canduri, F., Rahal, P., 2013. Expression, purification and molecular analysis of the human ZNF706 protein. Biol. Proced. Online 15, 10.
    Cong, L., Ran, F.A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P.D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L.A., et al., 2013. Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. Science 339, 819-823.
    D'Orazio, F.M., Balwierz, P.J., Gonzalez, A.J., Guo, Y., Hernandez-Rodriguez, B., Wheatley, L., Jasiulewicz, A., Hadzhiev, Y., Vaquerizas, J.M., Cairns, B., et al., 2021. Germ cell differentiation requires Tdrd7-dependent chromatin and transcriptome reprogramming marked by germ plasm relocalization. Dev. Cell 56, 641-656.
    Dagdeviren, S., Lee, R.T., Wu, N., 2023. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of thioredoxin interacting protein: a perspective on redox inflammation and metabolism. Antioxidants Redox Signal. 38, 442-460.
    Dennis, G., Jr., Sherman, B.T., Hosack, D.A., Yang, J., Gao, W., Lane, H.C., Lempicki, R.A., 2003. David: database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery. Genome Biol. 4, P3.
    Dobin, A., Davis, C.A., Schlesinger, F., Drenkow, J., Zaleski, C., Jha, S., Batut, P., Chaisson, M., Gingeras, T.R., 2013. Star: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics 29, 15-21.
    Dossena, S., Gandini, R., Tamma, G., Vezzoli, V., Nofziger, C., Tamplenizza, M., Salvioni, E., Bernardinelli, E., Meyer, G., Valenti, G., et al., 2011. The molecular and functional interaction between ICln and HSPC038 proteins modulates the regulation of cell volume. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 40659-40670.
    Draper, B.W., McCallum, C.M., Moens, C.B., 2007. Nanos1 is required to maintain oocyte production in adult zebrafish. Dev. Biol. 305, 589-598.
    Eichmuller, S., Vezzoli, V., Bazzini, C., Ritter, M., Furst, J., Jakab, M., Ravasio, A., Chwatal, S., Dossena, S., Botta, G., et al., 2004. A new gene-finding tool. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 7136-7146.
    Extavour, C.G., Akam, M., 2003. Mechanisms of germ cell specification across the metazoans: epigenesis and preformation. Development 130, 5869-5884.
    Floyd, B.J., Wilkerson, E.M., Veling, M.T., Minogue, C.E., Xia, C., Beebe, E.T., Wrobel, R.L., Cho, H., Kremer, L.S., Alston, C.L., et al., 2016. Mitochondrial protein interaction mapping identifies regulators of respiratory chain function. Mol. Cell 63, 621-632.
    Forbes, M.M., Rothhämel, S., Jenny, A., Marlow, F.L., 2015. Maternal dazap2 Regulates Germ Granules by Counteracting Dynein in Zebrafish Primordial Germ Cells. Cell Rep 12, 49–57.
    Fukai, T., Ushio-Fukai, M., 2011. Superoxide dismutases: role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases. Antioxidants Redox Signal. 15, 1583-1606.
    Gamsjaeger, R., Liew, C.K., Loughlin, F.E., Crossley, M., Mackay, J.P., 2007. Sticky fingers: zinc-fingers as protein-recognition motifs. Trends Biochem. Sci. 32, 63-70.
    NHS England. Diagnostic imaging dataset statistical release [online]. 2024 [viewed 14 February 2024]. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/01/Statistical-Release-25th-January-2024-PDF-456KB.pdf.
    The Herald. NHS Scotland: 78% increase in radiology outsourcing. The Herald [online]. 2023 [viewed 15 April 2024]. Available from: https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/23659165.nhs-scotland-78-increase-radiology-outsourcing/#:∼:text=Scottish%20health%20boards%20have%20spent,obtained%20by%20Scottish%20Labour%20show.
    The Royal College of Radiologists. Clinical radiology workforce census 2022 [online]. London: The Royal College of Radiologists. 2023 [viewed 05 April 2024]. Available from: https://www.rcr.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/rcr_clinical_radiology_workforce_census_2023.pdf.
    The Scottish Clinical Imaging Network. National framework for the musculoskeletal reporting radiographer [online]. Edinburgh: Scottish Clinical Imaging Network. 2023 [viewed 09 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.scin.scot.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/NSD610-005.20-SCIN-National-Framework-for-the-Musculoskeletal-Reporting-Radiographer.pdf.
    Health Education England. Reporting radiographers [online]. Health Education England. 2022 [viewed 17 April 2024]. Available from: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/our-work/cancer-diagnostics/imaging/reporting-radiographers.
    Snaith B, Milner RC, Harris MA. Beyond image interpretation: capturing the impact of radiographer advanced practice through activity diaries. Radiography 2016;22(4):233-238. [viewed 16 March 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2016.07.005.
    The Audit Commission. Improving your image: how to manage radiology services more effectively. London: HMSO. 1995.
    Culpan G, Culpan AM, Docherty P, Denton E. Radiographer reporting: a literature review to support cancer workforce planning in England. Radiography 2019;25(2):155-163. [viewed 16 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2019.02.010.
    Bajre MK, Pennington M, Woznitza N, Beardmore C, Radhakrishnan M, Harris R, et al. Expanding the role of radiographers in reporting suspected lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision tree model. Radiography 2017;23(4):273-278. [viewed 16 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2017.07.011.
    Lockwood P. An economic evaluation of introducing a skills mix approach to CT head reporting in clinical practice. Radiography 2016;22(2):124-130. [viewed 16 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.09.004.
    Lockwood P. Exploring the benefits of magnetic resonance imaging reporting by radiographers: a UK perspective. J Med Imag Radiat Sci 2016;47(2):194-203. [viewed 16 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2015.12.083.
    McConnell J. A longitudinal review of Scottish reporting radiographer output between 2015 and 2019. Radiography 2020;27(1):200-207. [viewed 06 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2020.07.018.
    Lockwood P. Observer performance in computed tomography head reporting. J Med Imag Radiat Sci 2017;48(1):22-29. [viewed 17 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2016.08.001.
    Lockwood P, Piper K, Pittock L. CT head reporting by radiographers: results of an accredited postgraduate programme. Radiography 2014;21(3):85-89. [viewed 05 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.12.001.
    Piper K, Cox S, Paterson A, Thomas A, Thomas N, Jeyagopal N, et al. Chest reporting by radiographers: findings of an accredited postgraduate programme. Radiography 2014; 20(2):94-99. [viewed 17 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.01.003.
    Henderson I, Mathers SA, McConnell J. Advanced and extended scope practice of diagnostic radiographers in Scotland: exploring strategic imaging service imperatives. Radiography 2017;23(3):181-186. [viewed 17 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2017.02.009.
    The Royal College of Radiologists. Medical image interpretation by radiographers: guidance for radiologists and healthcare providers. London: Royal College of Radiologists. 2010.
    Forsyth L, Robertson E. Radiologist perceptions of radiographer role development in Scotland. Radiography 2007; 13(1):51-55. [viewed 05 May 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2005.10.001.
    The Royal College of Radiologists. The radiology crisis in Scotland: sustainable solutions are needed now [online]. London: Royal College of Radiologists. 2017. [viewed 05 April 2024]. Available from: https://www.rcr.ac.uk/posts/radiology-crisis-scotland-sustainable-solutions-are-needed-now.
    The Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme. Scottish radiology transformation programme: june 2023 bulletin [online]. Edinburgh: Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme. 2023. [viewed 17 April 2024]. Available from: https://sway.office.com/C6hiXYjz1IjO6xFN?ref=Link&loc=mysways.
    Stevens BJ, Skermer L, Davies J. Radiographers reporting chest X-ray images: identifying the service enablers and challenges in England, UK. Radiography 2021;27(4):1006-1013. [viewed 17 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2021.03.006.
    Murphy L, Nightingale J, Calder P. Difficulties associated with Reporting Radiographer working practices - a narrative evidence synthesis. Radiography 2022; 28(4):1101-1109. [viewed 04 November 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2022.08.007.
    Parahoo K. Nursing research: principles, process and issues. 3rd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan; 2014.
    Braun V, Clarke V. Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2013.
    Thomas J, Harden A. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 2008; 8(45). [viewed 07 June 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45.
    Attride-Stirling J. Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research. Qual Res 2001;1(3):385-405. [viewed 07 June 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410100100307.
    Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 2006;3(2):77-101. [viewed 29 May 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
    Sundler A, Lindberg E, Nilsson C, Palmer L. Qualitative thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. Nursing Open 2019;6(3):733-739. [viewed 18 October 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.275.
    Braun V, Clarke V. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise & Health 2019;11(4):589-597. [viewed 18 October 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806.
    Ziebland S, McPherson A. Making sense of qualitative data analysis: an introduction with illustrations from DIPEx (personal experiences of health and illness). Med Educ 2006;40(5):405-414. [viewed June 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02467.x.
    Woznitza N, Ghimrie B, Devaraj A, Janes SM, Piper K, Rowe S, et al. Impact of radiographer immediate reporting of X-rays of the chest from general practice on the lung cancer pathway (radioX): a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2023;78:890-894. [viewed 14 July 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2022-219210.
    Piper K, Mitchell M, Griffin K, Morgan T, Roy A, Thomas A, et al. Concordance between a neuroradiologist, a consultant radiologist and trained reporting radiographers interpreting MRI head examinations: an empirical study. Radiography 2021;27(2):475-482. [viewed 06 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.016.
    Nair A, Screaton NJ, Holemans JA, Jones D, Clements L, Barton B, et al. The impact of trained radiographers as concurrent readers on performance and reading time of experienced radiologists in the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) trial. Eur Radiol 2018;28(June):226-234. [viewed 05 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-017-4903-z.
    Woznitza N, Piper K, Burke S, Bothamley G. Chest X-ray interpretation by radiographers is not inferior to radiologists: a multireader, multicase comparison using jafroc (Jack-knife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics) analysis. Acad Radiol 2018;25(12):1556-1563. [viewed 17 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2018.03.026.
    Woznitza N, Piper K, Burke S, Patel K, Amin S, Grayson K, et al. Adult chest radiograph reporting by radiographers: preliminary data from an in-house audit programme. Radiography 2014; 20(3):223-229. [viewed 06 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.03.002.
    Brealey S, Piper K, King D, Bland M, Caddick J, Campbell P, et al. Observer agreement in the reporting of knee and lumbar spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations: selectively trained MR radiographers and consultant radiologists compared with an index radiologist. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82(10):597-605. [viewed 05 April 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.05.024.
    Kelly J, Piper K, Nightingale J. Factors influencing the development and implementation of advanced and consultant radiographer practice - a review of the literature. Radiography 2008;14(1):71-78. [viewed 18 July 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2008.11.002.
    The Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme. SNRRS other opportunities project [online]. Edinburgh: Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme. 2020. [viewed 09 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.radiology.scot.nhs.uk/projects/scottish-national-radiology-reporting-service-snrrs/.
    The Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme. Scottish radiology transformation programme (SRTP) reporting radiographer pilot [online]. Edinburgh: Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme.2019. [viewed 09 November 2023]. Available from: https://www.radiology.scot.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20191218-reporting-radiographer-pilot-summary-v20.pdf.
    Woznitza N, Piper K, Rowe S, West C. Optimizing patient care in radiology through team-working: a case study from the United Kingdom. Radiography 2014;20(3):258-263. [viewed 18 July 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.02.007.
    Hardy M, Huttton J, Snaith B. Is a radiographer led immediate reporting service for emergency department referrals a cost effective initiative?. Radiography 2013; 19(1):23-27. [viewed 07 August 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2012.11.002.
    The Care Quality Commission. Radiology review [online]. Newcastle: Care Quality Commission. 2018. [viewed 16 April 2024]. Available from: https://www.cqc.org.uk/sites/default/files/20180718-radiology-reporting-review-report-final-for-web.pdf.
    The Scottish Radiological Society. Radiology in Scotland [online]. Scottish Radiological Society. 2023. [viewed 07 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.radiology.co.uk/radiology-in-scotland.
    The Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme. Governance [online]. Scottish Radiology Transformation Programme. 2023. [viewed 07 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.radiology.scot.nhs.uk/about-us/governance/.
    Henderson I, Mathers SA, McConnell J, Minnoch D. Advanced and extended scope practice of radiographers: the Scottish perspective. Radiography 2016; 22(2):185-193. [viewed 09 August 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.12.002.
    Weidinger, G., Stebler, J., Slanchev, K., Dumstrei, K., Wise, C., Lovell-Badge, R., Thisse, C., Thisse, B., Raz, E., 2003. Dead end, a novel vertebrate germ plasm component, is required for zebrafish primordial germ cell migration and survival. Curr. Biol. 13, 1429-1434.
    Weidinger, G., Wolke, U., Koprunner, M., Thisse, C., Thisse, B., Raz, E., 2002. Regulation of zebrafish primordial germ cell migration by attraction towards an intermediate target. Development 129, 25-36.
    Pederson MRV, Jensen J, Gale N, Senior C, Woznitza N, Heales CJ. Reporting radiographers in Europe survey: support, role satisfaction, and advanced clinical practice within the European federation of radiographer society (EFRS) member countries. Radiography 2024;30(1):87-94. [viewed 09 August 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2023.10.008.
    Cuthbertson LM. Skeletal trauma reporting; perceptions and experiences of radiographer practitioners exposed to the reporting role. Radiography 2020;26(1):35-41. [viewed 04 May 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2019.06.010.
    Cuthbertson LM. The journey to advanced practice and skeletal trauma reporting; an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of preparation for the role. Radiography 2019;25(1):40-47. [viewed 05 May 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2019.02.013.
    Public Health Scotland. Waiting times at Scotland level [online]. Public Health Scotland. 2023. [viewed 14 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.opendata.nhs.scot/gl/dataset/diagnostic-waiting-times/resource/df75544f-4ba1-488d-97c7-30ab6258270d.
    Unison. On-call offer from NHS employers Scotland: frequently asked questions [online]. Edinburgh: Unison. 2020 [viewed 04 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.unison-scotland.org.uk/healthcare/oncallballot/UNISONONCALLFAQS2.pdf.
    The Scottish Government. NHS Agenda for Change review: scope [online]. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. 2023. [viewed 04 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/nhs-agenda-for-change-review-scope/.
    The College of Radiographers. Education and career framework for the radiography workforce (4th ed.) [online]. London: College of Radiographers. 2022. [viewed 12 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.sor.org/getmedia/b2f6bf07-668f-4155-950a-b9d96c48eae1/12604-CoR-ECF-Interactive-v9a.
    University of Salford. Adult chest reporting (level 7, 30 credits) [online]. University of Salford. 2024. [viewed 12 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.salford.ac.uk/courses/single-module/adult-chest-reporting-level-7-30-credits.
    Zhang, B., Wu, X., Zhang, W., Shen, W., Sun, Q., Liu, K., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Meng, A., et al., 2018. Widespread enhancer dememorization and promoter priming during parental-to-zygotic transition. Mol. Cell 72, 673-686.
    The Scottish Clinical Imagining Network. A framework for chest reporting by radiographers in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Clinical Imaging Network. 2023.
    Estall H, Mitchell M. MRI reporting radiographers - a survey assessment of number and areas of practice within the United Kingdom. Radiography 2021;27(2):568-573. [viewed 04 May 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2020.11.017.
    Clarke R, Allen D, Arnold P, Snaith B. Implementing radiographic CT head reporting: the experiences of students and managers. Radiography 2014;20(2):117-120. [viewed 04 May 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2013.12.008.
    Palmer D, Snaith B, Harris MA. Assistant radiographer practitioners: creating capacity or challenging professional boundaries?. Radiography 2018;24(3):247-251. [viewed 05 May 2024]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2018.03.001.
    Robert Gordon University. Radiographic studies [online]. Robert Gordon University. 2024. [viewed 15 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.rgu.ac.uk/study/courses/1121-certhe-radiographic-studies.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索
    Get Citation
    PDF

    Article Metrics

    Article views (0) PDF downloads (0) Cited by ()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Editorial Office

    Journal of Genetics and Genomics

    京ICP备09063187号-12

    No.1, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R.China

    +86-10-64806528+86-10-64807786jgg@genetics.ac.cn

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return