Genetic structure and domestication footprints of the tusk, coat color, and ear morphology in East Chinese pigs

Sumei Zheng; Pan Xu; Zhongping Wu; Hui Zhang; Desen Li; Shaojuan Liu; Bingbing Liu; Jun Ren; Hao Chen; Min Huang

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2022.03.011

Volume 49 Issue 11

Nov. 2022

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Genetic structure and domestication footprints of the tusk, coat color, and ear morphology in East Chinese pigs

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.03.011

a. College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China;
b. School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China;
c. Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China;
d. College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China

Funds:

This work was supported by Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M682735), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31702089), and Jiangxi Youth Science Foundation (20202BABL215021).

Received Date: 2021-12-14
Accepted Date: 2022-03-22
Rev Recd Date: 2022-03-21
Publish Date: 2022-04-09

Abstract

Abstract

The domestication and artificial selection of wild boars have led to dramatic morphological and behavioral changes, especially in East Chinese (ECN) pigs. Here, we provide insights into the population structure and current genetic diversity of representative ECN pig breeds. We identify a 500-kb region containing six tooth development-relevant genes with almost completely different haplotypes between ECN pigs and Chinese wild boars or European domestic pigs. Notably, the c.195A>G missense mutation in exon 2 of AMBN may cause alterations in its protein structure associated with tusk degradation in ECN pigs. In addition, ESR1 may play an important role in the reproductive performance of ECN pigs. A major haplotype of the large lop ear-related MSRB3 gene and eight alleles in the deafness-related GRM7 gene may affect ear morphology and hearing in ECN pigs. Interestingly, we find that the two-end black (TEB) coat color in Jinhua pigs is most likely caused by EDNRB with genetic mechanisms different from other Chinese TEB pigs. This study identifies key loci that may be artificially selected in Chinese native pigs related to the tusk, coat color, and ear morphology, thus providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms of domesticated pigs.
- East Chinese pigs,
- Tusk degradation,
- Fertility,
- Large lop ear,
- Two-end black coat color

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