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Volume 49 Issue 5
May  2022
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2022  >  49(5): 427-436

The genetic control of glabrous glume during African rice domestication

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.009
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    a State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

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    b Africa Rice Center, Cotonou, Benin;

  •  

    c State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Funds:

We thank the International Rice Research Institute, the Japan National Institute of Genetics and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service for providing the wild rice and cultivated rice samples. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31925029). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or manuscript preparation.

  • Received Date: 2021-10-28
  • Accepted Date: 2022-02-08
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-02-08
  • Publish Date: 2022-02-26
    Abstract
  • African cultivated rice, Oryza glaberrima, is characterized by its glabrous glumes. During domestication, the pubescent glumes of its wild ancestor, Oryza barthii, lost their trichomes, and in this study, we show that glabrous glume 5 (GLAG5), a WUSCHEL-like homeobox transcription factor gene on chromosome 5, is required for trichome development. DNA methylation associated with an hAT transposable element inserted in the promoter region of GLAG5 is found to reduce its expression, leading to the formation of glabrous glumes and leaves in African cultivated rice. Among 82 African cultivated rice varieties investigated in this study, 59 (approximately 71%) lines exhibit glabrous glumes and harbor the hAT transposon; however, the other 23 varieties (approximately 29%), which exhibit pubescent glumes, lack the hAT transposon, indicating that glag5 had undergone strong artificial selection. The πw/πc ratios also show the hAT transposon insertions influence the genetic diversity of an approximately 150-kb interval encompassing the GLAG5 locus. The identification of the GLAG5 gene provides new insights into the domestication of cultivated rice in Africa. We speculate that the selection of varieties with mutations in their promoter regions is an important aspect of crop domestication.
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