Genomes of 12 fig wasps provide insights into the adaptation of pollinators to fig syconia

Jinhua Xiao; Xianqin Wei; Yi Zhou; Zhaozhe Xin; Yunheng Miao; Hongxia Hou; Jiaxing Li; Dan Zhao; Jing Liu; Rui Chen; Liming Niu; Guangchang Ma; Wenquan Zhen; Shunmin He; Jianxia Wang; Xunfan Wei; Weihao Dou; Zhuoxiao Sui; Haikuan Zhang; Shilai Xing; Miao Shi; Dawei Huang

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.010

Volume 48 Issue 3

Mar. 2021

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Article Navigation > Journal of Genetics and Genomics > 2021 > 48(3): 225-236

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Genomes of 12 fig wasps provide insights into the adaptation of pollinators to fig syconia

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.010

a
Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
b
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
c
Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
d
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
e
Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
f
Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing 102206, China

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Corresponding author: E-mail address: xiaojh@nankai.edu.cn (Jinhua Xiao); E-mail address: huangdw@ioz.ac.cn (Dawei Huang)
Received Date: 2021-01-19
Accepted Date: 2021-02-28
Rev Recd Date: 2021-02-14

Available Online: 2021-03-29

Publish Date: 2021-03-20

Abstract

Abstract

Figs and fig pollinators are one of the few classic textbook examples of obligate pollination mutualism. The specific dependence of fig pollinators on the relatively safe living environment with sufficient food sources in the enclosed fig syconia implies that they are vulnerable to habitat changes. However, there is still no extensive genomic evidence to reveal the evolutionary footprint of this long-term mutually beneficial symbiosis in fig pollinators. In fig syconia, there are also non-pollinator species. The non-pollinator species differ in their evolutionary and life histories from pollinators. We conducted comparative analyses on 11 newly sequenced fig wasp genomes and one previously published genome. The pollinators colonized the figs approximately 66.9 million years ago, consistent with the origin of host figs. Compared with non-pollinators, many more genes in pollinators were subject to relaxed selection. Seven genes were absent in pollinators in response to environmental stress and immune activation. Pollinators had more streamlined gene repertoires in the innate immune system, chemosensory toolbox, and detoxification system. Our results provide genomic evidence for the differentiation between pollinators and nonpollinators. The data suggest that owing to the long-term adaptation to the fig, some genes related to functions no longer required are absent in pollinators.
- Phylogenetics,
- Natural selection,
- Immunity,
- Chemosensory,
- Adaptive evolution

Contributed equally to this work.

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References(77)

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