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Volume 44 Issue 9
Sep.  2017
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2017  >  44(9): 423-437

APOBEC: From mutator to editor

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.04.009
  • a 

    Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China

  • b 

    School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China

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    Abstract
  • APOBECs (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like) are a family of cytidine deaminases that prefer single-stranded nucleic acids as substrates. Besides their physiological functions, APOBEC family members have been found to cause hypermutations of cancer genomes, which could be correlated with cancer development and poor prognosis. Recently, APOBEC family members have been combined with the versatile CRISPR/Cas9 system to perform targeted base editing or induce hypermutagenesis. This combination improved the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing at single-base precision, greatly enhancing its usefulness. Here, we review the physiological functions and structural characteristics of APOBEC family members and their roles as endogenous mutators that contribute to hypermutations during carcinogenesis. We also review the various iterations of the APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, pointing out their features and limitations as well as the possibilities for future developments.
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