The dynamics of fungal genome organization and its impact on host adaptation and antifungal resistance

Alex Z. Zaccaron; Ioannis Stergiopoulos

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2024.10.010

Volume 52 Issue 5

May 2025

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The dynamics of fungal genome organization and its impact on host adaptation and antifungal resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.10.010

Alex Z. Zaccaron^a,b,
Ioannis Stergiopoulos^a

a. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis (UCD), Davis, CA, USA;
b. Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Award Number 1557995 (IS, AZZ). IS was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) Hatch project CA-D-PPA-2739-H. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Received Date: 2024-06-28
Accepted Date: 2024-10-21
Rev Recd Date: 2024-10-15

Available Online: 2025-07-11

Publish Date: 2024-11-08

Abstract

Abstract

Fungi are a diverse kingdom characterized by remarkable genomic plasticity that facilitates pathogenicity and adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we delve into the dynamic organization of fungal genomes and its implications for host adaptation and antifungal resistance. We examine key features and the heterogeneity of genomes across different fungal species, including but not limited to their chromosome content, DNA composition, distribution and arrangement of their content across chromosomes, and other major traits. We further highlight how this variability in genomic traits influences their virulence and adaptation to adverse conditions. Fungal genomes exhibit large variations in size, gene content, and structural features, such as the abundance of transposable elements (TEs), compartmentalization into gene-rich and TE-rich regions, and the presence or absence of dispensable chromosomes. Genomic structural variations are equally diverse in fungi, ranging from whole-chromosome duplications that may enhance tolerance to antifungal compounds, to targeted deletion of effector encoding genes that may promote virulence. Finally, the often-overlooked fungal mitochondrial genomes can also affect virulence and resistance to fungicides. Such and other features of fungal genome organization are reviewed and discussed in the context of host-microbe interactions and antifungal resistance.
- Chromosomes,
- Fungi,
- Genomics,
- Pathogens,
- Structural variation,
- Transposable elements

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References(129)

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