Synergy of gut microbiota and host genome in driving heterosis expression of chickens

Qiang Huang; Chaoliang Wen; Shuang Gu; Yuchen Jie; Guangqi Li; Yiyuan Yan; Chuanyao Tian; Guiqin Wu; Ning Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.011

Volume 51 Issue 10

Oct. 2024

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Article Navigation > Journal of Genetics and Genomics > 2024 > 51(10): 1121-1134

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Synergy of gut microbiota and host genome in driving heterosis expression of chickens

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.011

a. State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
b. National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
c. Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan 572025, China;
d. Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 101206, China

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1000204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32102535), the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan province (ZDYF2023XDNY036), and the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program (GK AA23062049).

Received Date: 2024-04-09
Accepted Date: 2024-06-19
Rev Recd Date: 2024-06-18

Available Online: 2025-06-06

Publish Date: 2024-06-29

Abstract

Abstract

Heterosis has been widely utilized in agricultural production. Despite over a century of extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of heterosis remain elusive. Most hypotheses and research have focused on the genetic basis of heterosis. However, the potential role of gut microbiota in heterosis has been largely ignored. Here, we carefully design a crossbreeding experiment with two distinct broiler breeds and conduct 16S rRNA amplicon and transcriptome sequencing to investigate the synergistic role of gut microbiota and host genes in driving heterosis. We find that the breast muscle weight of hybrids exhibits a high heterosis, 6.28% higher than the mid-parent value. A notable difference is observed in the composition and potential function of cecal microbiota between hybrids and their parents. Over 90% of differentially colonized microbiota and differentially expressed genes exhibit nonadditive patterns. Integrative analyses uncover associations between nonadditive genes and nonadditive microbiota, including a connection between the expression of cellular signaling pathways and metabolism-related genes and the abundance of Odoribacter, Oscillibacter, and Alistipes in hybrids. Moreover, higher abundances of these microbiota are related to better meat yield. In summary, these findings highlight the importance of gut microbiota in heterosis, serving as crucial factors that modulate heterosis expression in chickens.
- Broiler,
- Growth,
- Meat yield,
- Heterosis,
- Cecal microbiota,
- Gene expression,
- Nonadditive

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References

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