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Volume 49 Issue 5
May  2022
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Genetics and Genomics  > 2022  >  49(5): 385-393

Understanding the genetic and molecular constitutions of heterosis for developing hybrid rice

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.022
  •  

    National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Funds:

We thank Linna Guo for drawing the cartoon pictures of rice plants. We also thank Xianmeng Wang for generating a schematic picture of QTL mapping using the qtl package in R. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31991223, 32170622 and 31821005), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2019CFA061), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662020SKPY005).

  • Received Date: 2021-11-07
  • Accepted Date: 2022-02-16
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-02-15
  • Publish Date: 2022-03-08
    Abstract
  • The wide adoption of hybrid rice has greatly increased rice yield in the last several decades. The utilization of heterosis facilitated by male sterility has been a common strategy for hybrid rice development. Here, we summarize our efforts in the genetic and molecular understanding of heterosis and male sterility together with the related progress from other research groups. Analyses of F1 diallel crosses show that strong heterosis widely exists in hybrids of diverse germplasms, and inter-subspecific hybrids often display higher heterosis. Using the elite hybrid Shanyou 63 as a model, an immortalized F2 population design is conducted for systematic characterization of the biological mechanism of heterosis, with identification of loci controlling heterosis of yield and yield component traits. Dominance, overdominance, and epistasis all play important roles in the genetic basis of heterosis; quantitative assessment of these components well addressed the three classical genetic hypotheses for heterosis. Environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) enables the development of two-line hybrids, and long noncoding RNAs often function as regulators of EGMS. Inter-subspecific hybrids show greatly reduced fertility; the identification and molecular characterization of hybrid sterility genes offer strategies for overcoming inter-subspecific hybrid sterility. These developments have significant implications for future hybrid rice improvement using genomic breeding.
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