Active DNA demethylation regulates MAMP-triggered immune priming in Arabidopsis

Mengling Huang; Ying Zhang; Ying Wang; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Xiao Yu; Bo Li

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.021

Volume 49 Issue 8

Aug. 2022

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Active DNA demethylation regulates MAMP-triggered immune priming in Arabidopsis

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.021

Mengling Huang^a,b,c,
Ying Zhang^a,b,c,
Ying Wang^a,b,c,
Jiatao Xie^a,b,c,
Jiasen Cheng^a,b,
Yanping Fu^b,
Daohong Jiang^a,b,c,
Xiao Yu^a,b,c,
Bo Li^a,b,c

a. State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
b. The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
c. Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China

Funds:

Technological Self-innovation Foundation (2021ZKPY011, 2017RC001 to B.L.). We thank Dr. Chengguo Duan for sharing the hdp2-2 and rdd-2 mutant seeds and Dr. Qing Li and Dr. Guoliang Li for the help of methylation data analysis. We thank Dr. Wei Chen and Huanran Yin for the hormone measurement. We are grateful to Dr. Kenichi Tsuda, Dr. Ping He, and Dr. Libo Shan for critical reading and constructive suggestions on the manuscript.

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770278, 31970125 to B.L.), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific &

Received Date: 2021-10-03
Accepted Date: 2022-02-15
Rev Recd Date: 2022-02-09
Publish Date: 2022-03-12

Abstract

Abstract

Plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to activate immune responses and defense priming to defend against pathogen infections. Transcriptional regulation of gene expression is crucial for plant immunity and is mediated by multiple factors, including DNA methylation. However, it remains unknown whether and how DNA demethylation contributes to immune responses in MAMP-triggered immunity. Here, we report that active DNA demethylation is required for MAMP-triggered immunity to bacterial pathogens. The rdd-2 triple mutant carrying mutations in ROS1, DML2, and DML3 that encode DNA glycosylases, which are key DNA demethylation enzymes, exhibits compromised immune responses triggered by the MAMPs flg22 and elf18. Genome-wide methylome analysis reveals that flg22 induces rapid and specific DNA demethylation in an RDD-dependent manner. The expression levels of salicylic acid signaling-related and phytoalexin biosynthesis-related genes are tightly associated with the flg22-induced promoter demethylation. The compromised accumulation of priming compounds and antimicrobial metabolites ultimately leads to a defense priming defect in the rdd-2 mutant. Our results reveal the critical role of active DNA demethylation in the MAMP-triggered immune response and provide unique insight into the molecular mechanism of flg22-modulated DNA demethylation.
- Pattern-triggered immunity,
- Immune priming,
- Defense gene expression,
- DNA demethylation,
- Immune signal transduction

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