Genetics of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Overview

Jharna Puppala; Siva Prasad Siddapuram; Jyothy Akka; Anjana Munshi

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2012.12.001

Volume 40 Issue 1

Jan. 2013

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Genetics and Genomics > 2013 > 40(1): 15-22

PDF( 322 KB)

Genetics of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Overview

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2012.12.001

a
Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500016, India
b
Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail address: anjanadurani@yahoo.co.in (Anjana Munshi)
Received Date: 2012-09-13
Accepted Date: 2012-12-17
Rev Recd Date: 2012-09-21

Available Online: 2012-12-26

Publish Date: 2013-01-20

Abstract

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world today. Its incidence in adults and children is rising rapidly due to the ongoing epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Hence, it has become a global public health issue. Environmental factors have been found to play a major role in the etiology of NAFLD, especially for genetically susceptible populations. Among these, one of the most important factors is junk food, especially the typical “Western-style” diet rich in simple carbohydrates, saturated fat, and highly processed food materials. Genetic predisposition to NAFLD does occur; however, a precise definition of genetic factors responsible for NAFLD is still lacking. Specific variants of different genes have been shown to present a risk for NAFLD. Genetic studies might be helpful in the management of the disease by developing novel treatment strategies based on individual's genotype.
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,
- Obesity,
- Type 2 diabetes,
- Genetic factors

FullText(HTML)

References(71)

References

[1]	Adams, L.A., Angulo, P. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Postgrad. Med. J., 82 (2006),pp. 315-322
[2]	Adhikari, K.B., Tirosh, O. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and immune response J. Inst. Med., 32 (2010),pp. 43-53
[3]	Amarapurkar, D.N., Hashimoto, E., Lesmana, L.A. et al. How common is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region and are there local differences J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 22 (2007),pp. 788-793
[4]	Annoni, G., Weiner, F.R., Zern, M.A. Increased transforming growth factor-β 1 gene expression in human liver disease J. Hepatol., 14 (1992),pp. 259-264
[5]	Bernard, S., Touzet, S., Personne, I. et al. Association between microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene polymorphism and the biological features of liver steatosis in patients with type II diabetes Diabetologia, 43 (2000),pp. 995-999
[6]	Bonkovsky, H.L., Jawaid, Q., Tortorelli, K. et al. J. Hepatol., 31 (1999),pp. 421-429
[7]	Braunersreuther, V., Viviani, G.L., Mach, F. et al. Role of cytokines and chemokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease World J. Gastroenterol., 18 (2012),pp. 727-735
[8]	Browning, J.D., Kumar, K.S., Saboorian, M.H. et al. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of cryptogenic cirrhosis Am. J. Gastroenterol., 99 (2004),pp. 292-298
[9]	Bugianesi, E., Leone, N., Vanni, E. et al. Expanding the natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: from cryptogenic cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma Gastroenterology, 123 (2002),pp. 134-140
[10]	Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J.E. et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association Hepatology, 55 (2012),pp. 2005-2023
[11]	Chávez-Tapia, N.N., Uribe, M., Ponciano-Rodríguez, G. et al. New insights into the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Ann. Hepatol., 8 (2009),pp. S9-S17
[12]	Cheung, O., Sanyal, A.J. Recent advances in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 26 (2010),pp. 202-208
[13]	Chitturi, S., Weltman, M., Farrell, G.C. et al. HFE mutations, hepatic iron, and fibrosis: ethnic-specific association of NASH with C282Y but not with fibrotic severity Hepatology, 36 (2002),pp. 142-149
[14]	Cintra, D.E., Pauli, J.R., Araujo, E.P. et al. Interleukin-10 is a protective factor against diet-induced insulin resistance in liver J. Hepatol., 48 (2008),pp. 628-637
[15]	Clark, J.M., Diehl, A.M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an underrecognized cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis JAMA, 289 (2003),pp. 3000-3004
[16]	Das, S.K., Mukherjee, S., Vasudevan, D.M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an under recognized cause with emerging importance Curr. Sci. India, 90 (2006),pp. 659-665
[17]	Day, C.P. Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol., 16 (2002),pp. 663-678
[18]	Day, C.P., James, O. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two hits Gastroenterology, 114 (1998),pp. 842-845
[19]	Day, C.P. Genes or environment to determine alcoholic liver disease and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver Int., 26 (2006),pp. 1021-1028
[20]	Deguti, M.M., Sipahi, A.M., Gayotto, L.C. et al. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 36 (2003),pp. 739-745
[21]	Den Boer, M.A., Voshol, P.J., Schrodervan der Elst, J.P. et al. Endogenous interleukin-10 protects against hepatic steatosis but does not improve insulin sensitivity during high-fat feeding in mice Endocrinology, 147 (2006),pp. 4553-4558
[22]	Donnelly, K.L., Smith, C.I., Schwarzenberg, S.J. et al. J. Clin. Invest., 115 (2005),pp. 1343-1351
[23]	Douglas, H.E. TGF- β in wound healing: a review J. Wound Care, 19 (2010),pp. 403-406
[24]	Dowman, J.K., Tomlinson, M.J.W., Newsome, P.N. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease QJM-Int. J. Med., 103 (2010),pp. 71-83
[25]	Duseja, A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in India – is it different? Trop. Gastroenterol., 27 (2006),pp. 142-146
[26]	Duseja, A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in India – a lot done, yet more required! Indian J. Gastroenterol., 29 (2010),pp. 217-225
[27]	Duseja, A., Aggarwal, R. APOC3 and PNPLA3 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: need to clear the air J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 27 (2012),pp. 951-956
[28]	Duvnjak, M., Ivan, L., Neven, B. et al. Pathogenesis and management issues for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease World J. Gastroenterol., 13 (2007),pp. 4539-4550
[29]	George, D.K., Goldwurm, S., MacDonald, G.A. et al. Increased hepatic iron concentration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with increased fibrosis Gastroenterology, 114 (1998),pp. 311-318
[30]	Grundy, S.M. Metabolic syndrome pandemic Arterioscl. Throm. Vas., 28 (2008),pp. 629-636
[31]	Hara, K., Horikoshi, M., Yamauchi, T. et al. Measurement of the high-molecular weight form of adiponectin in plasma is useful for the prediction of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome Diabetes Care, 29 (2006),pp. 1357-1362
[32]	Haukeland, J.W., Damas, J.K., Konopski, Z. et al. Systemic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by elevated levels of CCL2 J. Hepatol., 44 (2006),pp. 1167-1174
[33]	Hui, J.M., Hodge, A., Farrell, G.C. et al. Beyond insulin resistance in NASH: TNF-α or adiponectin Hepatology, 40 (2004),pp. 46-54
[34]	Iwamoto, N., Ogawa, Y., Kajihara, S. et al. Gln27Glu β2-adrenergic receptor variant is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the development of fatty liver Clin. Chem. Acta, 314 (2001),pp. 85-91
[35]	Jimba, S., Nakagami, T., Takahashi, M. et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with impaired glucose metabolism in Japanese adults Diabet. Med., 22 (2005),pp. 1141-1145
[36]	Kumashiro, N., Erion, D.M., Zhang, D. et al. Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108 (2011),pp. 16381-16385
[37]	Lesmana, C.R., Hasan, I., Budihusodo, U. et al. Diagnostic value of a group of biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J. Digest. Dis., 10 (2009),pp. 201-206
[38]	Mehmet, C., Haldun, S., Uur, Y. A new risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: HLA complex genes Turk. J. Gastroenterol., 22 (2011),pp. 395-399
[39]	Mensink, R.P., Plat, J., Schrauwen, P. Diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 19 (2007),pp. 25-29
[40]	Miele, L., Grieco, A., Armuzzi, A. Hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis assessed by 13C-octanoate breath test Am. J. Gastroenterol., 98 (2003),pp. 2235-2246
[41]	Misra, A., Misra, R. Asian Indians and insulin resistance syndrome: global perspective Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord., 1 (2003),pp. 277-283
[42]	Montecucco, F., Mach, F. Does non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increase cardiovascular risk? Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 8 (2008),pp. 301-307
[43]	Musso, G., Gambino, R., De, M.F. Dietary habits and their relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology, 37 (2003),pp. 909-916
[44]	Namikawa, C.M., Shu-Ping, Z., Vyselaar, J.R. et al. Polymorphisms of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene and manganese superoxide dismutase gene in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J. Hepatol., 40 (2004),pp. 781-786
[45]	Niswender, K.D., Shiota, M., Postic, C. et al. Effects of increased glucokinase gene copy number on glucose homeostasis and hepatic glucose metabolism J. Biol. Chem., 272 (1997),pp. 22570-22575
[46]	Nozaki, Y., Saibara, T., Nemoto, Y. et al. Polymorphisms of interleukin-1 β and β 3-adrenergic receptor in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 28 (2004),pp. 106-110
[47]	Osterreicher, C.H., Brenner, D.A. The genetics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Ann. Hepatol., 6 (2007),pp. 83-88
[48]	Osterreicher, C.H., Stickel, F., Brenner, D.A. Genomics of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis Semin. Liver Dis., 27 (2007),pp. 28-43
[49]	Pajvani, U.B., Du, X., Combs, T.P. et al. Structure-function studies of the adipocyte-secreted hormone Acrp30/adiponectin. Implications for metabolic regulation and bioactivity J. Biol. Chem., 278 (2003),pp. 9073-9085
[50]	Petersen, K.F., Dufour, S., Feng, J. Increased prevalence of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian-Indian men Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103 (2006),pp. 18273-18277
[51]	Petersen, K.F., Dufour, S., Hariri, A. et al. Apolipoprotein C3 gene variants in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease N. Engl. J. Med., 362 (2010),pp. 1082-1089
[52]	Ramalho, R.M., Cortez-Pinto, H., Castro, R.E. et al. Apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression in the livers of patients with steatohepatitis Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 18 (2006),pp. 21-29
[53]	Sanyal, A.J., Campbell, S.C., Mirshahi, F. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology, 120 (2001),pp. 1183-1192
[54]	Savage, D.B., Semple, R.K. Recent insights into fatty liver, metabolic dyslipidaemia and their links to insulin resistance Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 21 (2010),pp. 329-336
[55]	Schwimmer, J.B., Celedon, M.A., Lavine, J.E. et al. Heritability of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Gastroenterology, 136 (2009),pp. 1585-1592
[56]	Shek, F.W., Benyon, R.C. How can transforming growth factor β be targeted usefully to combat liver fibrosis Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 16 (2004),pp. 123-126
[57]	Song, J., da Costa, K.A., Fischer, L.M. et al. FASEB J., 19 (2005),pp. 1266-1271
[58]	Sookoian, S., Pirola, C.J. Hepatology, 53 (2011),pp. 1883-1894
[59]	Sotirios, K. Karathanasis, Oettgen, Peter, Haddad, Issam A., Antonarakist, Stylianos E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83 (1986),pp. 8457-8461
[60]	Starkel, P., Sempoux, C., Leclercq, I. et al. Oxidative stress, KLF6 and transforming growth factor-β up-regulation differentiate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progressing to fibrosis from uncomplicated steatosis in rats J. Hepatol., 39 (2003),pp. 538-546
[61]	Struben, V., Hespenheide, E.E., Caldwell, S.H. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis within kindreds Am. J. Med., 108 (2000),pp. 9-13
[62]	Syn, W.K., Choi, S.S., Diehl, A.M. Apoptosis and cytokines in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clin. Liver Dis., 13 (2009),pp. 565-580
[63]	Tarantino, G., Savastano, S., Colao, A. Hepatic steatosis, low-grade chronic inflammation and hormone/growth factor/adipokine imbalance World J. Gastroenterol., 16 (2010),pp. 4773-4783
[64]	Tilg, H., Diehl, A.M. Cytokines in alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis N. Engl. J. Med., 343 (2000),pp. 1467-1476
[65]	Valenti, L., AlSerri, A., Daly, A.K. Homozygosity for the patatin-like phospholipase-3/adiponutrin I148M polymorphism influences liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatology, 51 (2010),pp. 1209-1217
[66]	Wanless, I.R., Lentz, J.S. Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors Hepatology, 12 (1990),pp. 1106-1110
[67]	Wieckowska, A., Papouchado, B.G., Li, Z. et al. Increased hepatic and circulating interleukin-6 levels in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Am. J. Gastroenterol., 103 (2008),pp. 1372-1379
[68]	Williams, C.D., Stengel, J., Asike, M.I. et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study Gastroenterology, 140 (2011),pp. 124-131
[69]	Willner, I.R., Waters, B., Patil, S.R. et al. Ninety patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: insulin resistance, familial tendency, and severity of disease Am. J. Gastroenterol., 96 (2001),pp. 2957-2961
[70]	Younossi, Z.M., Stepanova, M., Afendy, M. et al. Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008 Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 9 (2011),pp. 524-530
[71]	Zhu, L., Baker, S.S., Liu, W. et al. Lipid in the livers of adolescents with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: combined effects of pathways on steatosis Metabolism., 60 (2011),pp. 1001-1011